منابع مشابه
On Pregroups, Freedom, and (Virtual) Conceptual Necessity
Pregroups were introduced in (Lambek, 1999), and provide a foundation for a particularly simple syntactic calculus. Buszkowski (2001) showed that free pregroup grammars generate exactly the -free context-free languages. Here we characterize the class of languages generable by all pregroups, which will be shown to be the entire class of recursively enumerable languages. To show this result, we r...
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Introduction: Originality and dynamism of university activities calls for a democratic atmosphere and considered as a supporting principles for faculties. Giving autonomy to universities is a fundamental policy to enhance their responsibility, accountability, and dynamism. Hence, this study is an endeavor to investigate the autonomy and academic freedom situation in university from the viewpoin...
متن کاملNecessity as justified truth
We present a logic for the reasoning about necessity and justifications which is independent from relational semantics. We choose the concept of justification – coming from a class of Justification Logics (Artemov 2008, Fitting 2009) – as the primitive notion on which the concept of necessity is based. Our axiomatization extends Suszko’s non-Fregean logic SCI (Brown, Suszko 1972) by basic axiom...
متن کاملFreedom as a Natural Phenomenon
“Freedom” is a phenomenon in the natural world. This phenomenon – and indirectly the question of free will – is explored using a variety of systems-theoretic ideas. It is argued that freedom can emerge only in systems that are partially determined and partially random, and that freedom is a matter of degree. The paper considers types of freedom and their conditions of possibility in simple livi...
متن کاملNecessity as a Function of Skewness
With necessary condition analysis (NCA), a necessity effect is estimated by calculating the amount of empty space in the upper left corner in a plot with a predictor X and an outcome Y. In the present simulation study, calculated necessity effects were found to have a negative association with the skewness of the predictor and a positive association with the skewness of the outcome. Also the st...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference
سال: 2015
ISSN: 2256-0629,1691-5887
DOI: 10.17770/sie2014vol3.706